FRA Fundamental Rights Report 2025

The European Union Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) has published its annual report on the protection of fundamental rights in the EU Member States. The Fundamental Rights Report: Challenges and achievements in 2025 provides an overview of major fundamental rights developments and challenges in the EU in 2025.

The focus chapters address EU’s regulatory responses to illegal and harmful content online, Europe’s housing crisis and safeguards against homelessness, employment challenges and labour exploitation of third-country workers, and application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. According to the report, the developments in 2025 have tested EU’s common values: democracy, the rule of law, respect for human dignity, and respect for human and minority rights. The year 2025 revealed a gap between the proclamation of the fundamental values and the substantive protection of rights in practice, including in the context of democratic lawmaking, digital governance, safeguarding of rights in internal security policies, the treatment of migrants and asylum seekers at borders, and equality and non-discrimination.

The Fundamental Rights Report is based on the results of FRA’s own primary quantitative and qualitative research and on secondary desk research at the national level conducted by FRA’s multidisciplinary research network, FRANET. The Institute for Human Rights at Åbo Akademi University, together with the Faculty of Law at the University of Turku, currently form the national focal point of FRANET in Finland. In 2025, the FRANET country reports focused on the housing crisis and homelessness in each EU Member State. The Finnish country report was authored by Katarina Frostell of the Institute for Human Rights. All the country reports have been published on the FRA website.